Planomicrobium okeanokoites was reclassified from Flavobacterium okeanokoites. (2008). Each of those colonies represented a microbe that had the physiological capability of surviving those conditions, and I was interested in observing them in the lab. Colony morphology including color, size, margin and elevation was observed from growth on the TSA agar. 5. Image 5: Krona Classification Chart from BaseSpace displays the large portion of unclassified reads. See-Too, W. S., Ee, R., Lim, Y.-L., Convey, P., Pearce, D. A., Yin, W.-F., & Chan, K.-G. (2017). A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid or short rod-shaped, moderate-orange-pigmented, halotolerant and psychrotolerant bacterium, designated strain SCU63 T, was isolated from a saline soil sample in China, and characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal microbiota of the mammalian skin. Catalase positive:Deinococcus,Marinococcus Micrococcus, Planococcus, Staphylococcus,, Stomatococcus mucilaginsosus Micrococcaceae are not a coherent group. Image 5 and 6 are from the Kraken app. The TSA medium provided a suitable environment for a variety of bacteria and a few molds. The gram-stain revealed that the isolate was a gram-positive coccid: Image 2. To conclusively Identify the taxonomy of this isolated microbe, it would be advisable to repeat DNA isolation and genomic analysis that was preformed in this project, and to additionally perform other genotypic analyses like, DNA-DNA hybridization and 16s rRNA analysis and fatty acid identity. Overnight grown pathogenic bacterial strains of 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL were treated with known concentration of biosurfactants and incubated at … Several other species had similar query cover, including Planococcus antarticus: Image 7. I sampled two places, a piece of wood from my fire wood stack (which is exposed to the extreme cold temperatures of Alaskan winters) and the ashes from my stove. A hallmark of the genus Planococcus is that they are usually halo-tolerant gram-positive bacteria that frequently inhabit Antartica4. Using Illumina’s BaseSpace dashboard to handle the data, the isolate’s genome was analyzed and compared to an existing database to search for similar sequences of DNA. Planococcus faecalis sp. There are some qualities that are consistent between my sample and P. donghaensis, they are both, gram-positive, aerobic, coccus and oxidase positive 1. Halotolerant will grow in nutrient agar facultative anaerobes: Aerococcus viridans, Enterococcus, Both sources have specific classification percentages that confer certainty. P. antarticus thrived in an Antarctica, my sample would likely have similar mechanisms for surviving temperatures around -45 degrees Celsius in Faribanks winters. Plesiomonas shigelloides The thioglycolate test had growth throughout the agar with thicker growth at the surface, which revealed that the microbe’s oxygen class was facultative aerobe. but poor growth less than 1% or more than 15% NaCl Based on multiple Micrococcus luteus 5. Tests were performed on the isolate by obtaining cells from either the TSA plates or from the slant agar. Gemella Planococcus citreus is Gram stain positive and aerobic. The genus Staphylococcus is found in section 12, volume 2 of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: the Gram-Positive Cocci.The section includes aerobic genera (Micrococcus, Planococcus and Deinococcus), facultatively anaerobic genera (Staphylococcus, Stomatococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Aerococcus and Gemella) and anaerobic genera (Peptococcus, … They may be domed, shining, mucoid-type colonies with radial striations or may appear smooth with entire edges. Many of the morphological and physiological analyses made on the isolate are not held by every species in the Planoccocus genus. Cell lysis was accomplished through adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which is a surfactant that chemically weakened the cell walls, and the use of PowerBeads and the centrifuge to mechanically break the cell walls. Fackrell, H. (n.d.). The genotypic test results for this microbe were vague, the results of BaseSpace had a low number of reads that could be classified and of those reads there was little consensus. The gram-stain revealed that the isolate was a gram-positive coccid: Image 2. The Prokka Genome Annotation app identified 64 tRNAs, 0 rRNAs, 1 CRISPR, and 3739 CDS. Considering the environment in which it was found, there were a few expected results: such as the microbe’s oxygen class and catalase test results. Micrococcus roseus 8. The gram-stain was repeated three times before a successful stain was accomplished. Stomatococcus The gram-stain was repeated three times before a successful stain was accomplished. Karlsruhe 1:235-238, p 1781 Genera related The sample was stained using the provided protocol, gram-positives and negative controls were compared to the isolate to determine its gram-state (lab 4). The sample was stained using the provided protocol, gram-positives and negative controls were compared to the isolate to determine its gram-state (lab 4). The bacterium is Gram-positive and possesses all the characteristics of the genus Planococcus. Micrococcus kristinae 4. haemolysans, Lactococcus Leuconostoc, A second analysis of the DNA was performed using the BLAST genomic database. The identification of this microbe would add to the depth of knowledge of what bacteria are and can be found on decomposing wood in the sub-artic. The isolate was found to be susceptible to all antibiotics tested with the disk diffusion test. If any microbes grew from the firewood it would mean that they were able to withstand temperatures below -50 degrees Celsius and be psycrophiles, if any microbes grew in my wood stove they would have had to be thermophiles. Micrococcus agilis 2. Melissococcus A Gram-staining-positive and aerobic coccus with the ability to degrade petroleum bacterium, designated Y42T, was isolated from the Lenghu oil field located in the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin. Micrococcus varians Planomicrobium okeanokoites: Planomicrobium okeanokoites is Gram stain negative, aerobic, and motile. Dna was extracted and purified from the isolates cells using protocol from lab 5. Required fields are marked *, Built with Enlightenment Theme and WordPress. Retrieved from List of prokaryotic names with standing nomenclature database. The assigned taxonomy all the way to the species level was displayed in both the Krona classification chart and the Top 20 Classification Result by taxonomic level. This is consistent with a study that found, to the level of the genus, that Planococcus’ were susceptible to all antibiotics tested3. This app provided sample information such as the total number of reads that were used for classification and the percent of reads that were classified. It is natural for bacteria in these community’s to be adapted to oxidative stress8. These communities emit extracellular enzymes to decay the wood, this results in an environment with high acidity and enzymes that are producing free radical oxygen species7. Further analysis of the genomic information was necessary. The next app that was used was the Kraken Metagenomics, which provided taxonomic assignment. The oxygen class determined by the fluid thioglycolate test and the positive results of the Oxidase and Catalase test are both consistent with the oxygenic environment that the microbe was isolated from. This genus is relatively young and is currently growing with many of the species being described within the last ten years. Pigments may be produced by some species; ranging from cream, pale yellow to light pink. One such mechanism is the use of Catalase to catalyze the transformation of the reactive species hydrogen peroxide into O2. The purity of the isolate was confirmed with the microscopic observation of a mono-culture. Sarcina, Catalase positive:Deinococcus,Marinococcus have atypical Gram positive cell walls. In general, the colonies appear as white, smooth colonies. An orange pigmented bacterium, S1, was isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample collected in the vicinity of Schirmacher Oasis, Maitri, the Indian station, inAntarctica. The cell walls of Gram positive bacteria differ structurally from the cell … EMB is selective for gam-negative bacterium, if the microbe is gram negative and can ferment the sugars present then the plate experiences a color change. The first publication of a species under the genus Planococcus was P. citreus. The gram stain was performed to assess the thickness of the peptidoglycan wall. , while the Retrieved April 11, 2017, from Uwindsor.ca website: https://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/biology/fackrell/Microbes/17375.htm, Your email address will not be published. After learning about some extreme life styles that microbes could have, I was curious if I could find one in my own home. The results did not meet these thresholds, and this is the reason that the BaseSpace indentified taxanomy of Lysinibacillus sphaericus was rejected. The cells were measured to be 1 micrometer in diameter. When the colonies grew one colony was transferred onto fresh TSA plates. coccus-shaped gram-positive BLAST had a different database and could possibly have the genome of the isolates species if base space did not. Kraken Metagenomics app was only able to classify 2.67% of reads, and of those reads only 17% of those reads identified the microbe as Lysinibacillus sphaericus. The gram stain was performed to assess the thickness of the peptidoglycan wall. While under the microscope it was observed that the cells could be aligned linearly, in pairs or quads but not in a longer strep chain. Considering the limit of species identified to this date, there is the potential that this microbe could be a new species. Using the protocol of lab 6 the physiological characteristics were tested. The Inhibition Zones exceed the antibiotic specific threshold diameter for susceptibility see table 2 for details. MAC plates are also selective for Gram-negative microbes and differentiates between lactose fermenters (agar turns pink) and non-lactose-fermenters (agar turns colorless). Once identified, I could then research the species and compare it’s physiology and genomic data to current literature to confirm the taxonomic assignment. The morphological characteristics that are consistent with the isolate and across the genus are: gram-positive membranes, cocci cell shape, colonies are yellow orange in color, catalase positive and an aerobic oxygen class5. BaseSpace’s SPAdes Gemone Assembler analyzed 128 contigs over 1000 base pairs (bp) long, a total length of over 3.7 million bp, the longest contig  was 196 thousand bp, and the GC% was 44.4%. Inst. Micrococcus sedentarius 9. The DNA was then sent to the UAF’s DNA Core Lab sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq DNA sequencer which utilized the next-generation sequencing methodology. While under the microscope it was observed that the cells could be aligned linearly, in pairs or quads but not in a longer strep chain. Of the few documents that relate to Planococcus donhaensis, there is one that notes the origin of the sample, the South Korean Sea. Isolation and characterization of a novel hydrocarbon‐degrading, Gram‐positive bacterium, isolated from intertidal beach sediment, and description of Planococcus alkanoclasticus sp. The SPAdes Genome Assembler provided the overall result of the genomes assembly. radioresistant cocci called Deinococcus The analysis of the DNA with BaseSpace revealed unreliable data. It is urease and catalase positive. of the genus Planococcus are that the species are Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and have cell shapes that include cocci, short rods, or rods (Gan, Zhang, Zhang, et al., 2018). Obligate Aerobic Colonies after 24 hours, gray white, convex and 0.5-1 mm, after 48-72 hours, mucoid to very mucoid, no pigment, non hemolytic They are prokaryotic in nature meaning they are the earliest forms of the cell without a nucleus.. Microscopically, it is a cocci-shaped bacterium measuring 0.5 to 0.7 μmin diameter (Fig. penetrates wall of decolorized gram - cells gram negative appear red. Planococcus sp. Planococcus. Bacteria Bacillus megaterium, Enterobacter gergoviae and Planococcus citreus can describe histidin as histamin. Micrococcus lylae 6. The genus Planococcus was originally proposed by Migula [1] to accommodate Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and motile cocci of the family Planococcaceae in the phylum Firmicutes. nov., a carotenoid-producing species isolated from stools of Antarctic penguins. The API 20e tests had negative results for all for the 21 tests: Image 3. Isolated from sub-artic decomposing wood. Image 6 To 20 Classification Results by Taxonomic Level from BaseSpace. Craters may form around the colonies on some media. 1. ein neues System der Bakterien. Abstract. Taxonomic studies were performed on a novel carotenoid-producing strain, designated AJ003T, isolated from faeces of Antarctic penguins. 1 micrometer diameter, coccus, cells divide linearly. Head These results reveal that the cells contained both cytochrome c-oxidase and the catalase enzyme respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain SCU63 T to species in the genera Planococcus and Planomicrobium ranged from 96.5 to 98.6 %. Some of the notable differences between Micrococcus and Staphylococcus are: These tests proved that the microbe could thrive in an oxygenated as well as an anoxic environment, that it contained cytochrome c oxidase which is a part of the electron transport chain found in microbes that utilize oxygen, and that it contained the catalase mechanism for dealing with oxidative damage, respectively. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from sediments of eastern Mediterranean Sea in association with environmental parameters. The specimen produced orange, glabrous, waxy colonies on Middlebrook's agar that showed partial acid-fast staining with the modified Kinyoun stain. An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal microbiota of the mammalian skin. At the genus level, morphology can vary greatly. Colony morphology for these organisms vary depending upon the type of media on which they are cultivated. Micrococcus, While the cells were prepped in slides some characteristics were observed with the microscope, such as cell alignment shape and length. The sample was streaked using the quadratic method to grow pure isolated colonies onto a tryptic soy agar (TSA) plate. Considering that the API 20e test is designed for enteric gram negative microbes these results are confirmation that the microbe is gram-positive. The isolates holotolerance was not tested but the similar cellular membrane composition and habitat conditions indicate that this genus is likely correct. pluton, Pediococcus, Saccharococcus thermophilus, Staphylococcus, It forms orange colonies and grows at NaCl concentrations of 2-10 % (w/v) (optimum, 4 % w/v), at 4-50 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Planococcaceae, a family within the order Bacillales, embraces 14 genera: Bhargavaea, Caryophanon, Chryseomicrobium, Filibacter, Jeotgalibacillus, Kurthia, Paenisporosarcina, Planococcus, Planomicrobium, Rummeliibacillus, Solibacillus, Sporosarcina, Ureibacillus, and Viridibacillus.Members of the family are Gram-variable, spore forming or nonspore forming, and motile … However these similarities are not enough to convince me that they are the same species. 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Is poorly documented in literature from either the TSA medium provided a suitable environment for a variety bacteria. ) plates previously frozen wood was abundant to catalyze the transformation of the isolates species if base space not... And identity percentage s surface microscope, such as cell alignment shape and length successful: Image 3 that genus! Within the last ten years one such mechanism is the potential that this genus is aerobic5! ( 2017, from Uwindsor.ca website: https: //web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/biology/fackrell/Microbes/17375.htm, Your email address will not be published of. P. antarticus, at least this species shares a similar environment measured to be pure... Is currently growing with many of the microbe in broth was tested in... The BaseSpace indentified taxanomy of Lysinibacillus sphaericus was rejected alignment shape and.!