[59] While the other cities again hesitated, Thebes decided to fight. After the defeat, Spitamenes was killed by his own men, who then sued for peace. When Onesicritus read this passage to his patron, Alexander's general and later King Lysimachus reportedly quipped, "I wonder where I was at the time. [114], The fort of Massaga was reduced only after days of bloody fighting, in which Alexander was wounded seriously in the ankle. Here you will find the full list of cast and crew who have worked on Sikandar-E-Azam (1965). [147], The strongest argument against the poison theory is the fact that twelve days passed between the start of his illness and his death; such long-acting poisons were probably not available. [175] According to Diodorus, Alexander's companions asked him on his deathbed to whom he bequeathed his kingdom; his laconic reply was "tôi kratistôi"—"to the strongest". Concerned that other Greek states might intervene, Alexander made it look as though he was preparing to attack Illyria instead. Some of the first and most influential figurative portrayals of the Buddha appeared at this time, perhaps modelled on Greek statues of Apollo in the Greco-Buddhist style. when Alexander the Great aka Sikander (Dara Singh) having conquered Persia and the Kabul valley descends to the Indian Border at Jhelum. Olympias had Cleopatra Eurydice and Europa, her daughter by Philip, burned alive. The Macedonians were a Greek tribe. [106] The cities' locations reflected trade routes as well as defensive positions. [12] Plutarch stated that Philip, overjoyed at this display of courage and ambition, kissed his son tearfully, declaring: "My boy, you must find a kingdom big enough for your ambitions. [218][219] He apparently had two sons, Alexander IV of Macedon by Roxana and, possibly, Heracles of Macedon from his mistress Barsine. In the end, Philip chose Aristotle and provided the Temple of the Nymphs at Mieza as a classroom. Following the conquest of Anatolia, Alexander broke the power of Persia in a series of decisive battles, most notably the battles of Issus and Gaugamela. Sikandar-E-Azam is the only natural solution in the world which does not lead to any kind of side effect. He appointed Porus as satrap, and added to Porus' territory land that he did not previously own, towards the south-east, up to the Hyphasis (Beas). [127], Alexander tried to persuade his soldiers to march farther, but his general Coenus pleaded with him to change his opinion and return; the men, he said, "longed to again see their parents, their wives and children, their homeland". Sikandar-E-Azam has been prepared after studying ancient Unani text and modern technology has been used for dick enlargement and male enlargement pills. [272] The colloquial form of his name in modern Greek ("O Megalexandros") is a household name, and he is the only ancient hero to appear in the Karagiozis shadow play. [259] The emperor Trajan also admired Alexander, as did Nero and Caracalla. There have been, since the time, many suspicions that Pausanias was actually hired to murder Philip. [27], At the age of 16, Alexander's education under Aristotle ended. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through western Asiaand northeast Africa, and b… [24], Suda writes that, also, Anaximenes of Lampsacus was one of his teachers. Azam is now single. Macedonian losses were negligible compared to those of the Persians. After Philip's assassination in 336 BC, he succeeded his father to the throne and inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army. [278] He then travelled the known world in search of the Water of Life and Immortality, eventually becoming a prophet. The death of the son necessitated the death of the father, and thus Parmenion, who had been charged with guarding the treasury at Ecbatana, was assassinated at Alexander's command, to prevent attempts at vengeance. According to the ancient sources, the two sides fought bitterly for some time. [54], Before crossing to Asia, Alexander wanted to safeguard his northern borders. [91] Plutarch recounts an anecdote in which Alexander pauses and talks to a fallen statue of Xerxes as if it were a live person: Shall I pass by and leave you lying there because of the expeditions you led against Greece, or shall I set you up again because of your magnanimity and your virtues in other respects? Pausanias writes that Alexander wanted to dig the Mimas mountain (today at the Karaburun area), but he didn't succeed. [73] He offered a peace treaty that included the lands he had already lost, and a ransom of 10,000 talents for his family. An elaborate verbal duel follows in court when Porus is brought before Sikander. Apelles, however, in painting him as wielder of the thunder-bolt, did not reproduce his complexion, but made it too dark and swarthy. In popular culture, the British heavy metal band Iron Maiden included a song titled "Alexander the Great" on their 1986 album Somewhere in Time. Athens sued for peace and Alexander pardoned the rebels. [129] Alexander reached Susa in 324 BC, but not before losing many men to the harsh desert. [249] Koine spread throughout the Hellenistic world, becoming the lingua franca of Hellenistic lands and eventually the ancestor of modern Greek. Plutarch's account is that roughly 14 days before his death, Alexander entertained admiral Nearchus, and spent the night and next day drinking with Medius of Larissa. [259] Polybius began his Histories by reminding Romans of Alexander's achievements, and thereafter Roman leaders saw him as a role model. With these victories, he secured his northern frontier. Alexander III of Macedon (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Γʹ ὁ Μακεδών, Aléxandros III ho Makedȏn; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: ὁ Μέγας, ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. [133] Meanwhile, upon his return to Persia, Alexander learned that guards of the tomb of Cyrus the Great in Pasargadae had desecrated it, and swiftly executed them. [157], Alexander's body was laid in a gold anthropoid sarcophagus that was filled with honey, which was in turn placed in a gold casket. 1175 Fans. Ancient Antioch, Glanville Downey, Princeton University Press, 2015. Alexander responded quickly, driving them from their territory. Sikandar E Azam [97] As Alexander approached, Bessus had his men fatally stab the Great King and then declared himself Darius' successor as Artaxerxes V, before retreating into Central Asia to launch a guerrilla campaign against Alexander. The campaign took Alexander through Media, Parthia, Aria (West Afghanistan), Drangiana, Arachosia (South and Central Afghanistan), Bactria (North and Central Afghanistan), and Scythia. For those peculiarities which many of his successors and friends afterwards tried to imitate, namely, the poise of the neck, which was bent slightly to the left, and the melting glance of his eyes, this artist has accurately observed. [213], Alexander married three times: Roxana, daughter of the Sogdian nobleman Oxyartes of Bactria,[214][215][216] out of love;[217] and the Persian princesses Stateira II and Parysatis II, the former a daughter of Darius III and latter a daughter of Artaxerxes III, for political reasons. [58], While Alexander campaigned north, the Thebans and Athenians rebelled once again. keep it up, God bless you. Join Facebook to connect with Sikander E Azam and others you may know. His campaigns greatly increased contacts and trade between East and West, and vast areas to the east were significantly exposed to Greek civilization and influence. Title: Still occupied in Thrace, he ordered Alexander to muster an army for a campaign in southern Greece. Macedon is too small for you", and bought the horse for him. causing the mermaid to vanish and the sea to calm. Perhaps taking his summons to Babylon as a death sentence,[148] and having seen the fate of Parmenion and Philotas,[149] Antipater purportedly arranged for Alexander to be poisoned by his son Iollas, who was Alexander's wine-pourer. [246] Alexander sought to insert Greek elements into Persian culture and attempted to hybridize Greek and Persian culture. Writing shortly after Alexander's death, another participant, Onesicritus, invented a tryst between Alexander and Thalestris, queen of the mythical Amazons. [138][223] This event may have contributed to Alexander's failing health and detached mental state during his final months. [268] His court historian Callisthenes portrayed the sea in Cilicia as drawing back from him in proskynesis. He then stormed the pass of the Persian Gates (in the modern Zagros Mountains) which had been blocked by a Persian army under Ariobarzanes and then hurried to Persepolis before its garrison could loot the treasury.[87]. [243][244], Hellenization was coined by the German historian Johann Gustav Droysen to denote the spread of Greek language, culture, and population into the former Persian empire after Alexander's conquest. [b] At that point, his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Beas River. The satrapies handed out by Perdiccas at the Partition of Babylon became power bases each general used to bid for power. The "Most Anticipated New Indian Movies and Shows" widget tracks the real-time popularity of relevant pages on IMDb, and displays those that are currently generating the highest number of pageviews on IMDb. By contrast, the Persian infantry was stationed behind its cavalry. [274] In this tradition, he was a heroic figure who built a wall to defend against the nations of Gog and Magog. safwan. [147][149] There was even a suggestion that Aristotle may have participated. [114] Ambhi hastened to relieve Alexander of his apprehension and met him with valuable presents, placing himself and all his forces at his disposal. [122] The other was Nicaea (Victory), thought to be located at the site of modern-day Mong, Punjab. [60] Alexander's sacking of Thebes ensured that Greece remained quiet during his absence. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) William Smith, LLD, Ed. Alexander's legacy includes the cultural diffusion and syncretism which his conquests engendered, such as Greco-Buddhism. Possible causes include a drunken accident or deliberate revenge for the burning of the Acropolis of Athens during the Second Persian War by Xerxes;[90] Plutarch and Diodorus allege that Alexander's companion, the hetaera Thaïs, instigated and started the fire. [4][5] In 334 BC, he invaded the Achaemenid Empire (Persian Empire) and began a series of campaigns that lasted 10 years. The advance was successful and broke Darius' center, causing the latter to flee once again. [60] Alexander had no obvious or legitimate heir, his son Alexander IV by Roxane being born after Alexander's death. [16] Some of the cities he founded became major cultural centers, many surviving into the 21st century. [156], Several natural causes (diseases) have been suggested, including malaria and typhoid fever. [272] One well-known fable among Greek seamen involves a solitary mermaid who would grasp a ship's prow during a storm and ask the captain "Is King Alexander alive?" The Greek cities on the western coast of Anatolia revolted until the news arrived that Philip had been murdered and had been succeeded by his young son Alexander. [181] Craterus started to carry out Alexander's commands, but the successors chose not to further implement them, on the grounds they were impractical and extravagant. [17] Alexander named it Bucephalas, meaning "ox-head". [230] Two of these pregnancies — Stateira's and Barsine's — are of dubious legitimacy. [211] However, Alexander also was a pragmatic ruler who understood the difficulties of ruling culturally disparate peoples, many of whom lived in kingdoms where the king was divine. Sometime after the wedding, Philip is said to have seen himself, in a dream, securing his wife's womb with a seal engraved with a lion's image. They refused to be sent away and criticized his adoption of Persian customs and dress and the introduction of Persian officers and soldiers into Macedonian units. Marching west into Illyria, Alexander defeated each in turn, forcing the two rulers to flee with their troops. Some of the most pronounced effects of Hellenization can be seen in Afghanistan and India, in the region of the relatively late-rising Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (250–125 BC) (in modern Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan) and the Indo-Greek Kingdom (180 BC – 10 AD) in modern Afghanistan and India. [137] During his visit to Pasargadae Alexander ordered his architect Aristobulus to decorate the interior of the sepulchral chamber of Cyrus' tomb. Left to fight alone, they were defeated. This book is a great job by Aslam Rahi who written the victories stories of the Alexander great in Urdu language. Attalus also had severely insulted Alexander, and following Cleopatra's murder, Alexander may have considered him too dangerous to leave alive. [191], Ancient authors recorded that Alexander was so pleased with portraits of himself created by Lysippos that he forbade other sculptors from crafting his image. Was it Veratrum album? Many of these students would become his friends and future generals, and are often known as the 'Companions'. On the subsequent advance of the Macedonian king, Taxiles accompanied him with a force of 5,000 men and took part in the battle of the Hydaspes River. [104], During this time, Alexander adopted some elements of Persian dress and customs at his court, notably the custom of proskynesis, either a symbolic kissing of the hand, or prostration on the ground, that Persians showed to their social superiors. [177] Diodorus, Curtius and Justin offered the more plausible story that Alexander passed his signet ring to Perdiccas, a bodyguard and leader of the companion cavalry, in front of witnesses, thereby nominating him. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated near Magnesia by the Achaemenids under the command of the mercenary Memnon of Rhodes. [86] He sent the bulk of his army to the Persian ceremonial capital of Persepolis via the Persian Royal Road. Alexander not only returned Ambhi his title and the gifts but he also presented him with a wardrobe of "Persian robes, gold and silver ornaments, 30 horses and 1,000 talents in gold". Even by Macedonian standards he was very short, though stocky and tough. Further south, at Halicarnassus, in Caria, Alexander successfully waged his first large-scale siege, eventually forcing his opponents, the mercenary captain Memnon of Rhodes and the Persian satrap of Caria, Orontobates, to withdraw by sea. [37] The marriage made Alexander's position as heir less secure, since any son of Cleopatra Eurydice would be a fully Macedonian heir, while Alexander was only half-Macedonian. [229], Green argues that there is little evidence in ancient sources that Alexander had much carnal interest in women; he did not produce an heir until the very end of his life. This campaign, initially against Bessus, turned into a grand tour of central Asia. The horse refused to be mounted, and Philip ordered it away. Alexander III of Macedon (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Γʹ ὁ Μακεδών, Aléxandros III ho Makedȏn; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: ὁ Μέγας, ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon[a] and a member of the Argead dynasty. [225] This episode is also told by Plutarch, probably based on the same source. The correct answer is "He is alive and well and rules the world!" The successor states that emerged were, at least initially, dominant forces, and these 300 years are often referred to as the Hellenistic period. In the area of architecture, a few examples of the Ionic order can be found as far as Pakistan with the Jandial temple near Taxila. [40] Olympias and several of Alexander's friends suggested this showed Philip intended to make Arrhidaeus his heir. He eventually turned back at the demand of his homesick troops, dying in Babylon in 323 BC, the city that he planned to establish as his capital, without executing a series of planned campaigns that would have begun with an invasion of Arabia. [33] At Corinth, Philip established a "Hellenic Alliance" (modelled on the old anti-Persian alliance of the Greco-Persian Wars), which included most Greek city-states except Sparta. [91][92][93] Plutarch claims that he ordered his men to put out the fires,[91] but that the flames had already spread to most of the city. [45][46][47], Alexander began his reign by eliminating potential rivals to the throne. [190] However, Ogden calculates that Alexander, who impregnated his partners thrice in eight years, had a higher matrimonial record than his father at the same age. Azam Sikandar currently lives in Roselle, NJ; in the past Azam has also lived in Avenel NJ, Maplewood NJ and Brooklyn NY. [48] He also had two Macedonian princes from the region of Lyncestis killed, but spared a third, Alexander Lyncestes. [141] There are two different versions of Alexander's death and details of the death differ slightly in each. [144] Another theory is that his successors wilfully or erroneously misheard "tôi Kraterôi"—"to Craterus", the general leading his Macedonian troops home and newly entrusted with the regency of Macedonia. Alexander also ordered the murder of Attalus,[48] who was in command of the advance guard of the army in Asia Minor and Cleopatra's uncle. The author described in details the lifecycle of Alexandar the great. During the ensuing Battle of Chaeronea, Philip commanded the right wing and Alexander the left, accompanied by a group of Philip's trusted generals. [259] Julius Caesar dedicated a Lysippean equestrian bronze statue but replaced Alexander's head with his own, while Octavian visited Alexander's tomb in Alexandria and temporarily changed his seal from a sphinx to Alexander's profile. [11], Several legends surround Alexander's birth and childhood. It included: Alexander earned the epithet "the Great" due to his unparalleled success as a military commander. Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, 5.31. These Greco-Buddhist kingdoms sent some of the first Buddhist missionaries to China, Sri Lanka and Hellenistic Asia and Europe (Greco-Buddhist monasticism). Greek astronomical treatise) and Paulisa Siddhanta texts depict the influence of Greek astronomical ideas on Indian astronomy. [157] Another recent analysis suggested pyogenic (infectious) spondylitis or meningitis. Apart from a few inscriptions and fragments, texts written by people who actually knew Alexander or who gathered information from men who served with Alexander were all lost. [140], On either 10 or 11 June 323 BC, Alexander died in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II, in Babylon, at age 32. A- Sikandar-E-Azam Plus capsules is a natural herbal formula for erection and virility enhancement that promotes erectile length, girth, and strength, as well as overall sexual vigor and function.It gives strength to body to resist any disease. He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20. Gaugamela would be the final and decisive encounter between the two. [16] Contemporaries who wrote accounts of his life included Alexander's campaign historian Callisthenes; Alexander's generals Ptolemy and Nearchus; Aristobulus, a junior officer on the campaigns; and Onesicritus, Alexander's chief helmsman. [274], The figure of Dhul-Qarnayn (literally "the Two-Horned One") mentioned in the Quran is believed by scholars to be based on later legends of Alexander. [143] In the second account, Diodorus recounts that Alexander was struck with pain after downing a large bowl of unmixed wine in honour of Heracles, followed by 11 days of weakness; he did not develop a fever and died after some agony. [106][238] However, a century or so after Alexander's death, many of the Alexandrias were thriving, with elaborate public buildings and substantial populations that included both Greek and local peoples. [187] At the decisive encounter with Darius at Gaugamela, Darius equipped his chariots with scythes on the wheels to break up the phalanx and equipped his cavalry with pikes. Its function is to hold the maximum amount of blood during an erection. [43], In summer 336 BC, while at Aegae attending the wedding of his daughter Cleopatra to Olympias's brother, Alexander I of Epirus, Philip was assassinated by the captain of his bodyguards, Pausanias. Suspicion has fallen upon Alexander, Olympias and even the newly crowned Persian Emperor, Darius III. This FAQ is empty. [79], Alexander advanced on Egypt in later 332 BC, where he was regarded as a liberator. We have lots of information about Azam: religious views are listed as Muslim, ethnicity is Middle Eastern American, and political affiliation is unknown. [231], According to Diodorus Siculus, Alexander accumulated a harem in the style of Persian kings, but he used it rather sparingly,[232] showing great self-control in "pleasures of the body". ", "Was Alexander The Great Poisoned By Toxic Wine? [55] The Macedonians marched into the country of the Triballi, and defeated their army near the Lyginus river[56] (a tributary of the Danube). [154][155] Another poisoning explanation put forward in 2010 proposed that the circumstances of his death were compatible with poisoning by water of the river Styx (modern-day Mavroneri in Arcadia, Greece) that contained calicheamicin, a dangerous compound produced by bacteria. He also mentions that this was the only unsuccessful project of Alexander. Give the ASME community a chance to learn about you and your interests outside of your resume. [271], Alexander the Great's accomplishments and legacy have been depicted in many cultures. [220][221], Alexander also had a close relationship with his friend, general, and bodyguard Hephaestion, the son of a Macedonian noble. It was also said that on this day, the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, burnt down. A 1998 article in the New England Journal of Medicine attributed his death to typhoid fever complicated by bowel perforation and ascending paralysis. [164], While Alexander's funeral cortege was on its way to Macedon, Ptolemy seized it and took it temporarily to Memphis. [167][168], Pompey, Julius Caesar and Augustus all visited the tomb in Alexandria, where Augustus, allegedly, accidentally knocked the nose off. when Alexander the Great aka Sikander (Dara Singh) having conquered Persia and the Kabul valley descends to the Indian Border at Jhelum. [124], East of Porus' kingdom, near the Ganges River, was the Nanda Empire of Magadha, and further east, the Gangaridai Empire of Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent. Nevertheless, Hellenization occurred throughout the region, accompanied by a distinct and opposite 'Orientalization' of the successor states. He invited the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara (a region presently straddling eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan), to come to him and submit to his authority. "[269], In the first centuries after Alexander's death, probably in Alexandria, a quantity of the legendary material coalesced into a text known as the Alexander Romance, later falsely ascribed to Callisthenes and therefore known as Pseudo-Callisthenes. [233] Green suggested that, in the context of the period, Alexander formed quite strong friendships with women, including Ada of Caria, who adopted him, and even Darius' mother Sisygambis, who supposedly died from grief upon hearing of Alexander's death. [210] He began to identify himself as the son of Zeus-Ammon. aap samandar ko koozay me band karna jaante hain. [65][66], Taking over the invasion project of Philip II, Alexander's army crossed the Hellespont in 334 BC with approximately 48,100 soldiers, 6,100 cavalry and a fleet of 120 ships with crews numbering 38,000,[59] drawn from Macedon and various Greek city-states, mercenaries, and feudally raised soldiers from Thrace, Paionia, and Illyria. [51], Alexander stopped at Thermopylae, where he was recognized as the leader of the Amphictyonic League before heading south to Corinth. [70] At the ancient Phrygian capital of Gordium, Alexander "undid" the hitherto unsolvable Gordian Knot, a feat said to await the future "king of Asia". [59] Alexander then set out on his Asian campaign, leaving Antipater as regent. [278] His defeat of Darius was depicted as Egypt's salvation, "proving" Egypt was still ruled by an Egyptian. [150] However, in a 2003 BBC documentary investigating the death of Alexander, Leo Schep from the New Zealand National Poisons Centre proposed that the plant white hellebore (Veratrum album), which was known in antiquity, may have been used to poison Alexander. [63] Greeks used the word Margites to describe fool and useless people, on account of the Margites. [119][120] Choosing a local helped him control these lands so distant from Greece. His official historian, Callisthenes of Olynthus, was implicated in the plot, and in the Anabasis of Alexander, Arrian states that Callisthenes and the pages were then tortured on the rack as punishment, and likely died soon after. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. when Alexander the Great aka Sikander (Dara Singh) having conquered Persia and the Kabul valley descends to the Indian Border at Jhelum. Along the way his army conquered the Malhi (in modern-day Multan) and other Indian tribes and Alexander sustained an injury during the siege. He wrote a large number of books on the topic of history. His mother had huge ambitions, and encouraged him to believe it was his destiny to conquer the Persian Empire. MashALLAH, great article javed chaudhary sahab i really appreciate you ! Written by bass player Steve Harris, the song retells Alexander's life. [181] Nevertheless, Perdiccas read Alexander's will to his troops.[60]. [16], This article is about the ancient king of Macedonia. In return for teaching Alexander, Philip agreed to rebuild Aristotle's hometown of Stageira, which Philip had razed, and to repopulate it by buying and freeing the ex-citizens who were slaves, or pardoning those who were in exile. When Philip heard of this, he stopped the negotiations and scolded Alexander for wishing to marry the daughter of a Carian, explaining that he wanted a better bride for him. 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