Vedi anche : traduzione italiana della Torà di ShaDaL (Samuel David Luzzatto) cliccando QUI Tanakh, an acronym derived from the names of the three divisions of the Hebrew Bible: Torah (Instruction, or Law, also called the Pentateuch), Neviʾim (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings). Among the religious guides used in the past include Torah and Tanakh. Torah is the Hebrew word for “instruction.” Another word for this group of books is the Pentateuch. Wikibuy Review: A Free Tool That Saves You Time and Money, 15 Creative Ways to Save Money That Actually Work. The Torah, meaning "teaching," consists of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, traditionally believed to be authored by Moses. Ci sono molte parole che descrivono questi libri sacri e testi che possono essere molto confusi per gli estranei. The Tanakh, also called the Mikra, is the canon of the Hebrew Bible, consisting of three traditional subdivisions: the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim. Jewish tradition also does not employ the chapters and verse numbers used in the Christian Bible. Christian chapters and verse numbers were introduced into the Jewish Biblical canon in the late medieval period in Spain, and there is a modern trend to minimize their presence in the text, often by relegating them to the margins or footnotes. Tanakh is an acronym of the first Hebrew letter of each of the Masoretic Text's three traditional subdivisions: Torah ("Teaching", also known as the Five Books of Moses), Nevi'im ("Prophets") and Ketuvim ("Writings")—hence TaNaKh. There are many words describing these sacred books and texts that can be very confusing for the outsiders. Are there Tanakh vs. Old Testament differences, or is the Jewish Tanakh exactly same as the Bible's Old Testament?. The encompassing philosophy of Judaism. While the Midrash believe that the Torah was created before the creation of the world whereby God used it as the blueprint for His creation, the majority believe that the Torah was as a result of the Babylonian captivity. Torah is a word that encapsulates the instructions given by God to Moses. Doreen: a Chumash is the Torah, but it includes the haftarah readings for each week (the specific sections of the Tanakh matched by the rabbis to each portion) and lots of commentary from the sages. The difference in number between the Christian and Hebrew Bibles is that 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel are combined into Samuel.1 Kings and 2 Kings are combined into Kings.1 and 2 Chronicles are combined into Chronicles.. "The body of texts is similar to the Christian Old testament, though not all of the books in the Old testament are included in the Hebrew Biblical canon, and Jewish tradition divides the books differently. Each subdivision of the Tanakh consists of several books. The whole of Jewish law, both written and unwritten. It has a character of its own. The whole of Jewish law, both written and unwritten. Torah contains the 5 books of Moses including Leviticus, Deuteronomy, Genesis, Numbers, and Exodus, in no particular order. Tabitha graduated from Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology with a Bachelor’s Degree in Commerce, whereby she specialized in Finance. January 6, 2020 < http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/religion-miscellaneous/difference-between-torah-and-tanakh/ >. The full body of written Jewish law, including the Tanakh, the Talmud, the Mishnah and the midrashic texts. The Torah is used by Christians and Muslims. The Tanakh, also called the Mikra, is the canon of the Hebrew Bible, consisting of three traditional subdivisions: the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim. Here is a list of the books of written Torah, in the order in which they appear in Jewish … The Tanakh (also known as the Hebrew Bible) was originally written in Hebrew with a few passages in Aramaic. Judaism is an ancient Abrahamic religion like Christianity. Last edited by Michael Way; 06-09-2019 at 04:52 PM .. This little known plugin reveals the answer. It’s organized in order of the status of the authors, with Moses first, the early prophets next, and so on. 34. The Tanakh includes all of the Old Testament books. Tabitha Njogu. Tradition holds that the Torah was handed down to Moses on Mount Sinai. The Torah and the Tanakh, also spelled Tanach, are two extremely important texts in the Jewish faith. The books also relate the history of the Jewish nation from its earliest stage, through the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai, and until the end of the first commonwealth. The Tanakh has 24 books including the 5 books of Torah, historical books, wisdom books (Ketuvim), Major Prophets (Nevi’im) and the twelve Minor Prophets. It aims to combine the spirit of Jewish tradition with the results of biblical scholarship, ancient, medieval, and … This differs from the Tanakh, which includes the other books that comprise the Christian Old Testament. But I'm gonna have to get flash cards to keep it all strait! In Jewish belief the Torah was originally given from God to Moses. Ci può essere più di una definizione di TaNaKh, in modo da controllare sul nostro dizionario per tutti i significati di TaNaKh … The Tanakh includes sections called “The Law” or Torah, the Nev’im or “The Prophets,” and the Kethuvim or “The Writings.” The Tanakh is an acronym of the Torah… The Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, is typically divided into three parts: the Torah, the Ketuviym (the Writings), and the Navi’im (the Prophets.) Jewish learning among English-speaking Jews assume joint responsibility, all previous efforts in the English language having been the work of individual translators. Made up of 24 books, the Hebrew Bible is also called the Tanakh, which is an acronym to denote its three main divisions, the Torah, Prophets, and Writings. There is no need to resubmit your comment. The Written Torah, mentiones each of the Commandments, or Mitzvos, only in passing or by allusion. The Tanakh has three parts. Torah = the Written Torah (Torah shebikhtav), the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (also called the Tanakh); can also be used to refer to the entirety of Jewish teachings Tanakh = acronym for Torah ("Teaching"), Nevi'im ("Prophets"), and Ketuvim ("Writings"), the three parts of the Hebrew Bible Talmud = the Oral Torah (Torah shebal peh) received by Moses from G-d at Mt. Talmud e Torah sono due parole fra le quali una differenza fondamentale può essere capita. Moses was the first person to write down the Torah. In contrast, the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh contains only twenty-four books. It is intriguing for non-Jews as they do not know much about it. This information will be helpful for you to know what Jewish people believe. According to Louis Ginzberg’s Legends of the Jews, the twenty-four book canon of the Hebrew Bible was fixed by Ezra and the scribes in the Second Temple period. The TeNaKh is acronym for Torah, Nevi'im & Ketuvim.Torah means instruction or teaching. Though the terms "Bible" and "Old Testament" are commonly used by non-Jews to describe Judaism's scriptures, the appropriate term is "Tanach," which is derived as an acronym from the Hebrew letters of its three components: Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim. These books were passed on from generation to generation and details Gods dealings with the Jews as His own chosen people. Um. "Difference Between Torah and Tanakh." The Torah And Tanakh The word "Torah" refers to the Five Books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. Torah contains the 5 books (Pentateuch) of Moses Genesis, Exodus, … The Bible's Old Testament is the "Tanakh" to the Jews. The word "Tanakh"… It says in the Torah that both gossip and murder cause irreparable damage. ONENESS OF GOD TOUCH THE BOX BELOW TO SEE THE DETAILS. The Christian Bible is the product of countless steps taken by humble men and women - both Jews and Christians - who served the Lord with all their hearts, all their souls, and all their strength. There is no scholarly consensus as to when the Hebrew Bible canon was fixed: some scholars argue that it was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty, while others argue it was not fixed until the second century CE or even later. The word is made up of three consonants T (stands for Torah), N (stands for Nevi’im or the Jewish Prophets) and K (stands for Ketuvim or the sacred texts of the Jews). She is a graduate of UCLA, where she majored in La Tōrāh (in ebraico: תּוֹרָה ‎?, anche italianizzata in torah o torà, lett. O judaísmo é uma antiga religião abraâmica como o cristianismo. Are there Tanakh vs. Old Testament differences, or is the Jewish Tanakh exactly same as the Bible's Old Testament?. Tradition holds that the Torah was handed down to Moses on Mount Sinai. È una religione piena di libri e testi sacri. The contents of Tanakh and Old Testament are exactly the same but Tanakh groups and orders that content slightly differently from the Old Testament.. The Neviʾim comprise eight On the other hand, Tanakh refers to the whole 24 books which include a collection of religious writings in the ancient times by the Israelites whereby some books were originally written in Greek and others in Hebrew. The first three books of the Ketuvim are sometimes referred to as the poetic books. The New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh, first published in complete form in 1985, is a modern Jewish 'written from scratch' translation of the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible into English.It is based on revised editions of earlier publications of subdivisions of the Tanakh such as the Torah and Five Megillot which were originally published from 1969–1982. The modern Jewish Bible goes by the name Tanakh (TN’K), which is an acronym formed from its three primary divisions: Torah (Law) Nevaiim (Prophets) Kethuvim (Writings) The table shows the relation between the Jewish Tanakh and the Christian Old Testament. The Complete Tanakh (Tanach) - Hebrew Bible The Jewish Bible with a Modern English Translation and Rashi's Commentary This Hebrew Bible was edited by esteemed translator and … Torah refers to the initial 5 books of Moses which were given by God to Moses at Mount Sinai and the Terbanacle. The Torah is considered the most important holy scripture of Judaism. Well-intended academics thus offered Hebrew Bible as a neutral alternative. The Ketuvim, or "writings," consists of 11 books: Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah, and Chronicles. The body of texts is similar to the Christian Old testament, though not all of the books in the Old testament are included in the Hebrew Biblical canon, and Jewish tradition divides the books differently. and iTunes.com, and soon other online sellers, as the entire Tanakh, the Torah, the Five Megilloth, and Jonah, and as individual biblical books. On the other hand, Tanakh refers to the whole 24 books which include a collection of religious writings in the ancient times by the Israelites whereby some books were originally written in Greek and others in Hebrew. Is Amazon actually giving you the best price? It consists of two parts, the Mishna and Gemara. They are arranged into different groups and into a different order from their order in the Bible. Mat 1:19 And her husband Joseph, being a The five books are called Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy in English. The list of the 39 books of the Tanakh was compiled in 70 AD, when the Jews were looking for guidance and stability after the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem. It is a text that was copied and compiled by the Masoretes between the 7th and 10th centuries AD. Please note: comment moderation is enabled and may delay your comment. The Nevi'im Rishonim consists mainly of a narrative concerning Jewish history from the time of Moses' death to the subjugation of the Kingdom of Judah by the Babylonians, while the Nevi'im Aharonim largely consists of prophesies. Though the word "Bible" is commonly used by non-Jews -- as are the terms "Old Testament" and "New Testament" -- the appropriate term to use for the Hebrew scriptures ("scripture" is a synonym used by both Jews and non-Jews) is Tanakh. Ci sono somiglianze tra la Torah e il Talmud, ma … Basically Tanach is what is called the "written Torah". The Tanakh/ Masoretic text is NOT the original Hebrew text. The full body of written Jewish law, including the Tanakh, the Talmud, the Mishnah and the midrashic texts. Talmud and Torah are two words between which a key difference can be understood. The Torah is made up of five books that were given to Moshe directly from God after the Exodus We are forbidden from altering it by removing or adding even one letter. The Torah begins with the story of the creation of the world and of humanity, and ends with the arrival of the Jewish people in the Promised Land, or Canaan. and updated on January 6, 2020, Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. The encompassing philosophy of Judaism. A Chumash will have a lot more commentary at the bottom than the Tanakh, so it is more useful in that regard. The Tanakh includes sections called “The Law” or Torah, the Nev’im or “The Prophets,” and the Kethuvim or “The Writings.” Although the two are similar in many ways, they are different in various aspects. However, a list of 46 books was already in use centuries earlier. Facciamo questo approccio nel seguente modo. (what Christians call … While the entire Tanakh is marked with cantillation notes that guide the liturgical chanting of the text, the system of marks used in Psalms, Proverbs, and Job differs from that used in the rest of the Tanakh. The JPS TANAKH-FAQs 1. The name "Mikra" (ארקמ), meaning "that which is read", is another Hebrew word for the Tanakh. Tanakh is an acronym of the first Hebrew letter of each of the Masoretic Text's three traditional subdivisions: Torah ("Teaching", also known as the Five Books of Moses), Nevi'im ("Prophets") and Ketuvim ("Writings")—hence TaNaKh. or combine readings from different textual traditions. Summary of Torah vs. Tanakh Torah refers to the initial 5 books of Moses which were given by God to Moses at Mount Sinai and the Terbanacle and was originally written in the Hebrew language. The Torah and the Tanakh has much more to say on this, but from what has been shown before, you should be able to love Yahweh, that means to keep his laws, teachings, and principles. The Torah is the five books of Moses; it is our sacred text and has never changed at all, in almost 5000 years. Le tre lettere TNK componenti il termine Tanakh sono le iniziali dell'espressione Torah, Nebi'îm (o Nevi'îm ), Ketubîm (o Ketuvîm ), (תורה Torah, נביאים Profeti, כתובים Scritti ), e corrispondono alle tre parti in cui si divide l'opera. The Tanakh of Hebrew Scriptures. The Nevi'im, or "prophets", consists of eight books: Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and The Twelve Prophets. The word Tanakh is an acronym of the initials of its three subdivisions, while Mikra is Hebrew for "reading." And without both, it is impossible to fully understand traditional Jewish teaching or thought. The whole of Jewish law, both written and unwritten. !e weekly reading (the parasha) can be listened to for free from the home page of the JPS website. But a 49-book Christian canon would make for a neat arrangement! This site was very helpful for a research project that I happen to be undertaking. Sinai (along with Torah shebikhtav), which is contained in the Mishnah, along with rabbinical commentary on the Oral Torah, contained in the Gemara To be more precise, the Torah is a portion of the Tanakh. Why do Jews Write "G-D" Instead of "God". Torah refers to the initial 5 books of Moses which were given by God to Moses at Mount Sinai and the Terbanacle and was originally written in the Hebrew language. The Torah (5 books) The “Ta” in the word “Tanakh” is for the What's with that? Much of this material is also contained in the Talmud. The Tanakh has 24 books including the 5 books of Torah, historical books, wisdom books (Ketuvim), Major Prophets (Nevi’im) and the twelve Minor Prophets. The Jewish Publishing Society's 1917 English translation is subtitled, "According to the Masoretic Text". That means in your actions as well as in your heart. Torah is the Hebrew word for “instruction.” Another word for this group of books is the Pentateuch. The Torah contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It details the journey of the Israelites detailing rules given by God to Moses, major Hebrew prophets, and poetry, both erotic and devotional. The New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh, first published in complete form in 1985, is a modern Jewish 'written from scratch' translation of the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible into English.It is based on revised editions of earlier publications of subdivisions of the Tanakh such as the Torah and Five Megillot which were originally published from 1969–1982. Their Hebrew titles, taken from the first word of each book, are Bereshith, Shemot, Vayikra, Bamidbar, and Devarim. Learn about a little known plugin that tells you if you're getting the best price on Amazon. The Jewish Tanakh follows the Masoretic textual tradition, while some Christian groups follow ancient translations based on other textual traditions (Septuagint, Peshitta, Vulgate, etc.) and unusual topics in order to get ideas for her own articles. It also explains how they are to worship God and conduct their lives as witnesses of Him. Among religious practices practiced include Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism, just to mention a few. The Tanakh is divided into three sections – 7RUD (F B ), 1H’ (), and Ketuvim (Writings). Tanakh versus Old Testament What is the Tanakh? As per the Jewish practice, the Torah is read at least once in three days publicly before a congregation. In Jewish belief the Torah was originally given from God to Moses. Written Torah is often referred to as the Tanakh, which is an acrostic of Torah, Nevi’im and Ketuvim. This differs from the Tanakh, which includes the other books that comprise the Christian Old Testament. THE “OLD TESTAMENT” / TANAKH / HEBREW BIBLE NEW TESTAMENT TANAKH COMMENTS Matthew Mat 1:18 Now the birth of Messiah Jesus took place in this way. Linguistics and Anthropology. =) Religion also relates humanity to spiritual and supernatural elements. Which Are the Oldest Religions in the World? It is English-only. The steps of a good man are ordered by the LORD: and he delighteth in his way.. Psalm 37:23. Sometimes, Torah is used to mean the entire Hebrew Bible which is also called Tanakh. Let us approach this in the following manner. può significare più specificamente i primi cinque dei ventiquattro libri del Tanakh, detti Pentateuco dai cristiani. Synonymous to law or teaching, these are the initial 5 books of Moses which were given by God to Moses at Mount Sinai and the Terbanacle. "istruzione, insegnamento") è il riferimento centrale dell'ebraismo e ha una vasta gamma di significati: . The word "Torah" is a tricky one, because it can mean different things in different contexts. In the past and recent times, human beings have always used religion as a guide on behavior, morals, ethics, practices, and worldviews. Also known as the Old Testament, this is the whole Jewish Bible which includes a collection of religious writings in the ancient times by the Israelites. The Hebrew Bible, also called the Tanakh (תַּנַ״ךְ, Tenakh, Tenak, Tanach) or Mikra, is the canonical collection of Hebrew scripture, which is also the textual source for the Christian Old Testament.These texts are composed mainly in Biblical Hebrew, with some passages in Biblical Aramaic (in the books of Daniel, Ezra and a few others). The contents of Tanakh and Old Testament are exactly the same but Tanakh groups and orders that content slightly differently from the Old Testament.. These scrolls are read, in full, on certain Jewish holidays; thus they have a more prominent place in the canon … The Tanakh places Ruth in the Ketuvim , where her scroll (Hebrew, megillah) accompanies the Song of Songs, Lamentations, Qohelet (Ecclesiastes), and Esther. Tanakh = acronym for Torah ("Teaching"), Nevi'im ("Prophets"), and Ketuvim ("Writings"), the three parts of the Hebrew Bible Talmud = the Oral Torah (Torah shebal peh) received by Moses from G-d at Mt. If you do not know any Hebrew, try our Hebrew Bible in English; if you know Hebrew well, you may prefer one of our four all Hebrew Bibles.. Tanakh = acronym for Torah ("Teaching"), Nevi'im ("Prophets"), and Ketuvim ("Writings"), the three parts of the Hebrew Bible. Le tre lettere TNKh componenti il termine Tanakh sono le iniziali dell'espressione Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim, (תורה Torah, נביאים Profeti, כתובים Scritti), e corrispondono alle tre parti in cui si divide l'opera. ", "However, modern editions of the Tanakh typically include the traditional Christian divisions for ease of reference.". This makes it sound like Christianity came first or something. In their simplest form, the twenty-four books of the Jewish Bible – the Tanach – present a history of the first 3500 years from creation until the building of the second Temple in Jerusalem. It says in the Torah that both gossip and murder cause irreparable damage. In the past and recent times, human beings have always. Bereishit (Genesis) – written by Moshe (Moses) Bereishit is the first book of the Tanakh and the first book of the Torah. The Torah contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It begins from the creation of the world, beginnings of the Israelites and their descent to Egypt and includes the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai and ends just before the crossing to the Promised Land with the death of Moses. Cite To be more precise, the Torah is a portion of the Tanakh. The Bible's Old Testament is the "Tanakh" to the Jews. These terms include Torah, Talmud, and Tanakh etc. TNKh, secondo le regole fonetiche dell' ebraico si può pronunciare sia / ta'naχ / … The Jewish or Hebrew Bible. The Bible is the holy book of the Christians. 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The Tanakh book count and subdivisions instead gives plenty of attention to other biblically significant numbers, especially 3 (the patriarchs), 5 (the Torah), and 12 (the tribes of Israel). Both have been with us, according to Jewish sources, for all of the past 3300 years. They are arranged into different groups and into a different order from their order in the Bible. Tanakh, an acronym derived from the names of the three divisions of the Hebrew Bible: Torah (Instruction, or Law, also called the Pentateuch), Neviʾim (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings). Comparison of the Christian OT and the Jewish Tanakh. Questi termini includono Torah, Talmud e Tanakh ecc. The name "Mikra" (ארקמ), meaning "that which is read", is another Hebrew word for the Tanakh. Christian OT and the Jewish Tanakh. The Jewish Study Bible is based on the JPS Tanakh but provides commentary with a "Jewish-scholarly" bent, plus explanatory essays. Tanach is an acronym, made from the first Hebrew letter of each of the Masoretic Text 's three traditional divisions: Torah ('Teaching' or 'Law', also known as the Five Books of Moses), Nevi'im ('Prophets'), and Ketuvim ('Writings')—hence TaNaKh. DifferenceBetween.net. All these are guided by religious scriptures, passed down from generation to generation, with some teachings being outdated. Amazon Doesn't Want You to Know About This Plugin. Reply Ray Christman … When his mother Mary had been betrothed to Joseph, before they came together she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit. They include Leviticus, Deuteronomy, Genesis, Numbers, and Exodus, in no particular order. Pentateuch is the Greek term for the Torah. What is the Talmud? The Koren Tanakh is bilingual but also does not have commentary. (On the "a"s of the word, see abjad.) The Torah is made up of five books that were given to Moshe directly from God after the Exodus Moses was the first person to write down the Torah. What is the Difference Between Haredi, Hasidic, and Orthodox Judaism? The Oral Law fills in the gaps. On the other hand, Tanakh has 24 books including the 5 books of Torah, historical books, wisdom books (Ketuvim), Major Prophets (Nevi’im) and the twelve Minor Prophets. What is the Torah and the Tanakh? Talmud = the Oral Torah (Torah shebal peh) received by Moses from G-d at Mt. This is the true Scripture. However, modern editions of the Tanakh typically include the traditional Christian divisions for ease of reference. Tradition holds that the Torah was handed down to Moses on Mount Sinai. Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, and Esther are collectiely known as the Five Scrolls, and are traditionally read over the course of the year on important Jewish holidays. • Categorized under Religion,Words | Difference Between Torah and Tanakh. The Tanakh (also known as the Hebrew Bible) was originally written in Hebrew with a few passages in Aramaic. The material presented here is from a Jewish (not Messianic) perspective. The Tanakh has three parts. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail, Written by : Tabitha Njogu. Exodus 20:3, Deuteronomy 6:4, Isaiah 43:11, Isaiah 45:5, 46:9 and Quran Surah Ikhlas chapter 112 clearly showing that both Tanakh and Quran are similar in their teachings regarding the concept and oneness of God. The Tanakh includes all of the Old Testament books. The word “Tanakh” refers to the entire Jewish Bible (the body of scripture known to Christians as the Old Testament. The term Old Testament, with its implication that there must be a corresponding New Testament, suggests to some that Judaism’s Bible and by extension Judaism are outdated and incomplete. Questa pagina è tutto sull'acronimo di TaNaKh e sui suoi significati come Torah, Nevi ' im, Ketuvim. The Oral Torah also includes the works of Kabbalah, a tradition of mystical secrets of the metaphysical universe received by Moses at Mount Sinai. Bereishit (Genesis) – written by Moshe (Moses) Bereishit is the first book of the Tanakh and the first book of the Torah. But outside of the five scrolls and the psalms, Artscroll does not provide an interlinear translation for the rest of the books of the Tanakh, and I could not find any other Jewish sources for a printed interlinear publication. The Jewish Tanakh contains seven books less than the Catholic Old Testament, which consists of 46 books. She has had the pleasure of working with various organizations and garnered expertise in business management, business administration, accounting, finance operations, and digital marketing. The Tanakh is divided into three sections – 7RUD (F B ), 1H’ (), and Ketuvim (Writings). No new testament. It says in the Torah that both gossip and murder cause irreparable damage. The full body of written Jewish law, including the Tanakh, the Talmud, the Mishnah and the midrashic texts. [ According to the Talmud, much of the Tanakh wa… In addition to her role as a wiseGEEK editor, Niki enjoys educating herself about interesting This differs from the Tanakh, which includes the other books that comprise the Christian Old Testament . TANAKH VS QURAN Torah, Quran, Judaism & Islam: Similarities And Differences. Also known as the Old Testament, this is the whole Jewish Bible which includes a collection of religious writings in the ancient times by the Israelites. 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