The DOE estimates that energy savings for LED troffers can be more than 25 percent,when compared to traditional fluorescent systems. Therefore, CFL (as well as the related standard fluorescent bulbs) might have good “source efficiency” (i.e. Lighting Education, A standard "cool white" fluorescent lamp will have a CRI near 62. LEDs are extremely energy efficient relative to every other commercially available lighting technology. It is defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) as follows: Compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) are designed to be small (such that they can replace an incandescent household light). Typical values range between warm white at 2700K to daylight at 6500K depending on the lighting requirement. With fluorescent tubes, the colors of the illuminated objects sometimes look slightly distorted. Fluorescent tubes vary widely depending on the specific technology (prices between $2 and $30 are typical for the same rating discussed above). This is fairly good color rendering but it leaves some room for improvement when compared to LED. Compared to fluorescent that is lower but as you know, fluorescent is not directional like LED. Commercial Lighting, Certain LED’s can get a score of up to 98 CRI. If this article helped you, please share - thanks! Fluorescent bulbs were designed as an improvement over incandescent bulbs, since they waste a … This is a large system inefficiency because at least half of the light needs to be reflected and redirected to the desired area being illuminated. Upgrade your home or workplace with ultra high CRI LED A19, T8, E26 & more. LEDs produce significantly less heat than conventional gas discharge lights. CRI is an acronym for Color Rendering Index, and is the world's most widely accepted metric to describe a light source's ability to accurately reproduce color. Fluorescent light is omnidirectional meaning it emits light for 360 degrees, requiring fixture housings or reflectors to direct the emitted light. More so, LED lights offer more longevity. Fluorescent lighting used to require a “warm-up” period in order to evaporate the internal gas into plasma, but now there are several near-instantaneous starting technologies for fluorescent light (those include “quick-start,” “instant start,” and “rapid-start”). If one has a CRI of 80, which most LED bulbs currently do, and you see another one has a CRI of 89, then you know that using the latter will show more saturated colors than the former. LEDs are naturally directional (they emit light for 180 degrees by default). Certain LED’s can get a score of up to 98 CRI. Snow falling on traditional lights like HID will melt when it comes into contact with the light. The ultimate purpose of the device is to emit light, not heat. In contrary, led fluorescent replacement Fluorescent and CFL lights are very efficient compared to incandescent lights (50-100 lumens/watt source efficiency). That said, the price of LEDs are rapidly decreasing and as they continue to be adopted en masse the price will continue to drop. The CRI of Philips LED lighting products is always higher than 80, close to natural light. Mercury as well as the phosphor inside the bulbs are hazardous materials that present a waste disposal issue at the end of a light’s life. Lumens is best described as the measurement of light. On the other hand, you may see the difference that moving from low-CRI HID lighting to mid-range CRI LED lighting makes and decide to upgrade. A black spotlight serves as the reference light source for all color temperatures up to 5000 K. All light sources above are measured with a reference similar to daylight. This is fairly good color rendering but it leaves some room for improvement when compared to LED. Older fluorescent models actually required a significant warm up period before the tube would light but this has been significantly improved with newer, rapid-start fluorescent lights. CRI is independent of color temperature. Further, fluorescent, LEDs emit light for 180 degrees. Led strip light CRI90 VS CRI80 VS CRI70.What is CRI?CRI is color rendering index,and the other name is RA.It is compare the light with the Sun in the middle day. Industrial Lighting, This is by far the biggest downside that needs to be considered. Diodes are generally made from semi-conductive materials such as silicon or selenium - solid state substances that conduct electricity in some circumstances and not in others (e.g. The major payback comes primarily from reduced maintenance costs over time (dependent on labor costs) and secondarily from energy efficiency improvements (dependent on electricity costs). hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(510865, 'd17232a8-88b0-4753-91ae-935cde930c17', {}); LED stands for light emitting diode. Perhaps more importantly, broken fluorescent bulbs require special handling and disposal due to hazardous materials like mercury inside the lights. When the ballast is damaged, the light will create a buzzing sound in use. The only real potential downside to this is when LEDs are used for outdoor lighting in winter conditions. Ever wonder what’s better: fluorescent lights (including compact fluorescent lights, or CFLs) or light emitting diodes (LEDs)? Also according to lighting regulatory guidelines a CRI of at least 80 is prescribed for the lighting in the living area. The most commonly available is the T8 bulbs. This allows to make a statement about the quality of the reproduced colors. LED. Standard fluorescent tubes only show 70% of the light spectrum, and fail to match natural sunlight, while Awaken 95 CRI LED lamps reveal 95%. There is such a thing as an IRED (infrared emitting diode) which is specifically designed to emit infrared energy. 4. UV radiation is generated in the first place by an electrical charge that is run through the inert mercury glass internal to the bulb. The higher the CRI they have, the higher the color reduction of objects. Hello all. In terms of CRI performance, the Cree TW Series LED doesn't seem quite as well-rounded as the GE Reveal LED. They are still tubes but they are, as the name implies, “compact.” CFLs were designed to replace standard applications for incandescent bulbs as they are both more efficient and longer lasting. This is usually overcome with LEDs by covering the light with a visor or facing the light downward towards the ground. (a device that converts visible light into electrical current). You will also learn how to achieve natural-looking lighting with LED lamps. The effect becomes more visible when we go into an environment with red lighting with a red clothing, for example. Ultimate Light Bulb Test: Incandescent vs. At Bulbs.com you can purchase at least 18 different Fluorescent Bulbs where CRI Range is 90+ from brands like Philips Lighting, Sylvania and Ushio. They are also adaptable for large public areas (which require powerful, efficient lights over a large area), road lighting (which offer significant color advantages over low and high pressure sodium lights), and parking lots. With the help of the color rendering index, the light quality of different illuminants can be compared. There are 6 lights that fall in this category - LED tubes, LED integrated tubes, LED troffers, LED exit signs, LED tubes and LED downlights. Fluorescent and CFL lights are very efficient compared to incandescent lights (50-100 lumens/watt source efficiency). The general concept involves using a set of 15 predefined colors called test color samples (TCS) and determining how accurate a light source would make each of these colors appear. LED Tube Lighting. You can read more about the impact of directional lighting by learning about  a measurement called “useful lumens” or “system efficiency.”. Light sources with a CRI of 85 to 90 are considered good at color rendering. The higher the CRI they have, the higher the color reduction of objects. Here you should expect a CRI of < 80. They lose out to LEDs principally because their system efficiency is much lower (<30 lumens/watt) due to all of the losses associated with omnidirectional light output and the need to redirect it to a desired area. Voltage requirements in fluorescent bulbs are balanced by a ballast (a magnetic device in older bulbs and an electrical one in newer fluorescent technology). The colors on the left in the picture look natural, on the right they look rather dull. The ultimate purpose of the device is to emit light, not heat. Now you know what the color rendering index or Ra/CRI value means. In the test procedure, the secondary spectra from the light source are measured and compared with the reference light source. Possible failures or delays in the start-up process are typically due to faulty starters, transformers, or ballast. This graph compares the percentage of accuracy, by color, of a 80 CRI and Awaken 95 CRI lamp. The CRI (Color Rendering Index) rating of LED lighting is much higher than fluorescent lights. A typical LED light gets a score of around 80 CRI. LED has virtually zero maintenance costs and the frequency with which bulbs have to be changed out is by far the best on the market. LEDs last longer than any light source commercially available on the market. LEDs have virtually no warm-up time. As you might expect, a large portion of this light is wasted (for example, that portion that is directed at the ceiling). Most lighting sources including fluorescent use heat to generate light which is why traditional incandescent, metal halide and fluorescent are losing favor with property owners. LED is winner in the colour category.. Summary Fluorescent bulbs will likely need to be purchased several times and the associated labor costs will need to be paid in order to attain the equivalent lifespan of a single LED light. Fluorescent tube will lighting stonger,easy to flash and older quickly, fluorescent lighting easy let our eyes feel fatigue.The CRI of fluorescent lamp is 65-80. We offer high CRI lighting options for LED, fluorescent, halogen, and metal halide bulbs. Natural outdoor light has a CRI of 100 and is used as the standard of comparison for any other light source. In terms of CRI for LED, most LED lights produce a score of about 80 to 90 on the chart. The color rendering index has a value between 1 and 100 and has no unit. Foot candle is a measure that describes the amount of light reaching a specified surface area as opposed to the total amount of light coming from a source (luminous flux). Fluorescent lighting, particularly CFL bulbs, can last around 10,000 hours before needing to be replaced. With the help of the color rendering index, the light quality of different illuminants can be compared. For colder weather choose a fluorescent light with an electronic ballast such as a T8 tube. Most values for LED system efficiency fall above 50 lumens/watt. You would have to replace the average CFL bulb 6 times to equal the lifespan of one LED light bulb. For this purpose, the mean value is calculated from the values TCS01 to TCS08. at certain voltages, current levels, or light intensities). The color rendering index, also known as the CRI or Ra value, provides information about the quality of the color rendering of a light source. In the last few years LED efficiency has surpassed that of fluorescent lights and its efficiency improvements are progressing at a much more rapid rate. LED’s produce light that renders a color similar (but not identical) to natural daylight, which is measured on a scale called CRI, or Color Rendering Index. Once the arc is ignited it melts and evaporates metal salts internal to the device. Fluorescent lamps produce light by converting ultraviolet emissions with a fluorescent coating on the inside of the tube. LED lamps with CRI 95 are now available. Generally they exhibit an end-of-life phenomenon known as cycling where the lamp goes on and off without human input prior to eventually failing entirely. Since then they have gradually expanded their applications to include traffic lights, lighted signs, and more recently, indoor and outdoor lighting. These are two different things. The table gives an overview of the approximate CRI/Ra values to be expected for each illuminant. UV radiation is generated in the first place by an electrical charge that is run through the inert mercury glass internal to the bulb. The color rendering of Ra 80 LED lamps is basically not bad. Other shortcomings include waste disposal issues (due to CFL's reliance on mercury), and non-directional light generation. Further, f. luorescent lamps require the use of a ballast to stabilize the internal current that produces light. If you’re interested in the technical details of how an LED works you can read more about it. Ultraviolet light is known to cause fading of dyed items or paintings exposed to their light. They do, however, show degraded performance at significantly high temperatures and they require significant heat sinking, especially when in proximity to other sensitive components. LED T8 tube lighting is more directed and therefore the actual light output is greater. It is definitely an acceptable level of color quality, where most obvious colors stand out and appear good enough for daily tasks. Although their CRI ratings vary greatly, they are generally “good” from 62 to 80. LED Transfer Light vs. Heat. How is the color rendering index determined? Omnidirectional lights produce light in 360 degrees. But, it must be clearly noted, fluorescent T8s get more expensive as you seek a higher CRI. The color rendering index is independent of the color temperature. In living areas, LED lamps with a CRI between 80 and 90 are recommended. It is a comparative value with which the color impression of a light source can be determined. The typical 100w-equivalent LED light costs somewhere between $10 and $20. Sunlight serves as the reference. Fluorescent bulbs and CFLs last about 10,000 hours—eight times longer than incandescent bulbs, but their life spans are five times shorter than LED lights. CRI is a quantitatively measurable index, not a subjective one. A LED fixture uses its energy to produce light. LED lighting has relatively high initial costs and low lifetime costs. High CRI LED Lighting High quality, energy efficient, high CRI Not all white light is the same. The general rule is: The higher the CRI, the better the color rendering capacity. CRI (read more here) CRI for LED is highly dependent on the particular light in question. The CRI of Philips LED lighting products is always higher than 80, close to natural light. LEDs have an extremely long lifespan relative to every other lighting technology (including fluorescent lights). Troffer Lighting, Przez nadchodzące lata będziesz się cieszyć pięknym światłem. This type of fluorescent tube lighting is the most popular because of its high CRi and many color temperature options.. T8 lights are a good choice for an adjustable lighting system because of their color temperature range from … The LED light was then often described as unnatural. Fluorescent lights have good lifespan relative to some bulbs but not compared to LED. That said, the price of LEDs are rapidly decreasing and as they continue to be adopted en masse the price will continue to drop. Fortunately these times are over and the LED technology has developed quite a bit. Compact Fluorescent vs. In particular, LED lights are relatively expensive. They produce steady light without flicker. Benefits of Fluorescent Lights. Fluorescent lights (particularly the older technology) require a noticeable warm up time that varies depending on the light. LED light costs are high but variable depending on the specifications. The color rendering index is then calculated from the individual deviations (difference between artificial and natural light sources). CRI/Ra comparison of different light sources. For example, a 5000K (daylight color temperature) fluorescent light source could have a CRI of 75, but another 5000K fluorescent light source can have a CRI … Topics: The index describes the quality of the composition of the white light of a light source. When the ballast has a minor imperfection or is damaged, the light can produce an audible buzzing noise. For an interesting take on the history of street lighting in the United States read. Ultra-high 95 CRI, R9 > 90; … Today, LED lighting has become the high-performing and low-cost option. For example, a 5000K (daylight color temperature) fluorescent light source could have a CRI of 75, but another 5000K fluorescent light source can have a CRI … If you have any information please, Energy Service Companies (ESCO)/Contractors. Further, fluorescent lamps require the use of a ballast to stabilize the internal current that produces light. Fluorescent lights are a specific type of gas-discharge light (also known as a high intensity discharge, HID, or arc light). LED, fluorescent, and compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) are some of many lighting technologies that are available today. I despise changing the tubes on the 4ft fluorescent fixtures, so I have my shop lit with strategically placed 8ft fluorescent fixtures. That said, a very broad spectrum of CRI values is available ranging generally from 65-95. We are going to tackle the question which light bulb type reigns supreme? The CRI (Color Rendering Index) rating of LED lighting is much higher than fluorescent lights. Fluorescent lights have to use ballast to help regulate the flow of current, which produces light. Fluorescent bulbs are particularly fragile - especially T5, T8, and T12 tubes. The CRI of Philips LED lighting products is always higher than 80, close to natural light. (If you received a proposal for LED lights that just costs too much, don't give up hope. It is a comparative value with which the color impression of a light source can be determined. With so many benefits, it’s easy to see why you should take notice of CRI when making your next lighting decision. If we go into the sunlight with the red clothing with Ra 100, the red color is very noticeable again. Heat output also increases with additional current which decreases the lifetime of the device. Other shortcomings include the following: As good as fluorescent light efficiency has become, LED is better (and continues to improve at a more rapid pace). LEDs produce a very narrow spectrum of visible light without the losses to irrelevant radiation types (IR or UV) associated with conventional lighting, meaning that most of the energy consumed by the light source is converted directly to visible light. CRI more high ,the color more near the sun light.That means we see the item more real when it is illuminated by a light.How to select the right CRI … Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs. 3. Typical CRI values for fluorescent light are between 62 and 80. This allows good color rendering to be achieved with high efficiency at the same time. This is typically an advantage because light is usually desired over a target area (rather than all 360 degrees around the bulb). T8 LED tube light, directly replaces F32T8 4-ft fluorescent lamps ReadWire™ technology automatically detects your fixture type. Lights with a CRI of 80 or higher are considered to show colors most accurately. Even so, they typically aren’t produced below roughly a centimeter in width. CFL light bulbs vs LED. This type of fluorescent tube lighting is the most popular because of its high CRi and many color temperature options.. T8 lights are a good choice for an adjustable lighting system because of their color temperature range from … Comparison of fluorescent tube vs LED tube. LED As good as fluorescent light efficiency has become, LED is better (and continues to improve at a more rapid pace). CFLs are also used as a replacement for incandescent lights in many residential applications. Fluorescent lights require ignition, which is typically provided by a voltage pulse or a third electrode (an additional metal part) internal to the bulb. The effect of a light source on colour appearance is measured in the colour rendering index (CRI), on a scale of 0-100. Foot candle is a measure that describes the amount of light reaching a specified surface area as opposed to the total amount of light coming from a source (luminous flux). Many of the incandescent and halogen "replacement" LED lights currently on the market use less energy but are not true replacements as the white light they emit is of relatively poor quality. For particularly high demands on natural color rendering, there are also lamps with CRI 95 available. A generic fluorescent light get a score around 50 CRI, while the best fluorescent lights: the tri-phosphor type, gets a score of around 90 CRI. Correlated Color Temperature (read more here). It also means that more accessory parts are required in the light fixture itself in order to reflect or focus the luminous output of the bulb (thus increasing unit costs). LED lighting can last upwards of 60,000 hours before needing to be replaced. In order to find the color rendering index that is pleasant for you, it is helpful to compare the lamps in the shop or order two or three lamps with different Ra values. The effect of a light source on color appearance is measured in the color rendering index (CRI), on a scale of 0-100. How Do Light Emitting Diodes And LED Lights Work? In this guide you will find a simple explanation of the complex subject of color rendering. Now we have compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and light emitting diodes or LED for short. LEDs are available in a wide range of color temperatures that generally span from 2200K-6000K (ranging from yellow to light blue). (If you received a proposal for LED lights that just costs too much, don't give up hope. Most 18W LED tubes will produce 1900+ lumens. High CRI LED strip lighting offers the best of all worlds, using a fraction of the energy used in traditional lighting, while rendering beautiful, vibrant tones across the full color spectrum. Read more: 'Plug-and-play vs. ballast-bypass and other linear LED solutions' As a result, there is a good linear LED for nearly any application, though we still find situations when linear fluorescents remain a great lighting choice. Voltage requirements in fluorescent bulbs are balanced by a ballast (a magnetic device in older bulbs and an electrical one in newer fluorescent technology). LEDs are very easy to dim and options are available to use anywhere from 100% of the light to 0.5%. The gas is excited by the electricity and. You would have to replace the average CFL bulb 6 times to equal the lifespan of one LED light bulb. Make your office more productive with LED office lighting. ethods of producing light. LEDs are very efficient relative to every lighting type on the market. LED’s produce light that renders a color similar (but not identical) to natural daylight, which is measured on a scale called CRI, or Color Rendering Index. Spiral Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs. Incandescent and halogen lamps also have the maximum color rendering index of 100. LED Still Give Off Light At End-Of-Life This results in less faithful reproduction of colors, expressed as a diminished color rendering index (CRI). Fluorescent lights produce primarily UV radiation. A generic fluorescent light get a score around 50 CRI, while the best fluorescent lights: the tri-phosphor type, gets a score of around 90 CRI. As the fluorescent light ages, more and more voltage is required to produce the same amount of light until eventually the voltage exceeds the fixed resistance provided by the ballast and the light goes out (fails). CRI is a quantitatively measurable index, not a subjective one. The gas is excited by the electricity and releases ultraviolet radiation as a consequence. The CRI value, on a scale of 0 to 100, is used to compare one LED light to another. A standard "cool white" fluorescent lamp will have a CRI near 62. We couldn’t find any objective data on fluorescent bulb performance in high temperature situations. There is such a thing as an IRED (infrared emitting diode) which is specifically designed to emit infrared energy. A color rendering index (CRI) is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reveal the colors of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source. Fluorescent lights are non-directional, meaning that they emit light for 360 degrees. Color rendering describes how a light source makes the color of an object appear to human eyes and how well subtle variations in color shades are revealed. Here, the red clothing no longer stands out from the red ambient light. Awaken LED tubes provide the same Effective Lumens as a fluorescent tube. When buying LED lamps, especially those with high CRI values, you should pay attention to good efficiency. Over the years, advances in technology have brought about innovations in how to light our homes and commercial buildings. The CRI value is another important parameter for good lighting quality, especially in the home. Materials. The Color Rendering Index (CRI) is a scale from 0 to 100 percent indicating how accurate a "given" light source is at rendering color when compared to a "reference" light source. Much like fluorescent lights, modern LED lights are a wonderful solution for gymnasiums, warehouses, schools, and commercial buildings. They reach maximum brightness near instantaneously. This is by far the biggest downside that needs to be considered. In many cases, cheap no-name lamps do not even have a CRI value. Other shortcomings include the following: Fluorescent lights can cause retrofit problems due to their elongated shape. Unlike fluorescent lighting which can create an unnatural look, LEDs are better suited to indoor environments. Natural outdoor light has a CRI of 100 and is used as the standard of comparison for any other light source. The color rendering index can be used to compare the quality of the color rendering of different light sources. It is a unit-less reference index. Light sources with a CRI of 90 or higher are excellen… LED vs Fluorescent Tube Lighting Quality . LED vs Fluorescent Tube Lighting Quality . A perfect CRI score is 100. LED Lighting vs. Fluorescent Lighting – the Facts 56 years ago, the first working light-emitting diode was created by the GE scientist Nick Holonyak Jr. At the time, he was actually trying to create a laser – not something that would eventually replace the incandescent bulb. A quick how to switch from Fluorescent to LED bulbs and considerations for using "Replacement" vs "Ballast Bypass" LED. In order to determine the color rendering index for a light source, the following 14 test color samples were specified in CIE (1995). The most commonly available is the T8 bulbs. Benefits of Fluorescent Lights. While I appreciate the brightness of the LED lights, they weren't around when I wanted to light my shop. Since then they have gradually expanded their applications to include traffic lights, lighted signs, and more recently, indoor and outdoor lighting. It is very much the opposite of a photovoltaic cell (a device that converts visible light into electrical current). Fluorescent and CFL bulb costs depend on the specific type of light. Similar to LEDs, fluorescent bulbs come in a large range of color temperatures, typically from 2700K to 6500K. Pick from T-8 Linear Fluorescent Tubes, T-12 Linear Fluorescent Tubes and T-12 U-Bent Fluorescent Tubes. LED dimming functions by either lowering the forward current or modulating the pulse duration. In this magazine you will find all about modern LED lighting.More about LampHQ.com, Copyright © LampHQ.com | About | Privacy Policy | Contact. This is noticeable slightly below the freezing level and dramatic below about 5 degrees Fahrenheit. Free USA standard shipping. The LED replacement bulbs emit light at a 110 degree pattern, vs. the 360 degree pattern given off by T8 fluorescent bulbs. Typical fluorescent tube lights have CRI values between 62 and 80, while LED tube lights have a wider range of CRI values, usually between 65 and 95. LEDs can be extremely small (less than 2mm in some cases) and they can be scaled to a much larger size. MARGERY CONNER tests affordable LED-based fluorescent alternatives, identifying the strong points in product design, vulnerabilities that may impact reliability, and suitability for applications.. Fluorescent lighting is the largest consumer of electricity in the US, making it an enticing target for LED … Acceptable color quality, where most obvious colors stand out and appear enough! Light with an electronic ballast such as a gas and the LED light sources a! 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Cri values, you should pay attention to good efficiency lighting with a high-cri light strip can... Typically an advantage because light is omnidirectional meaning it emits light for 180 degrees by default ) you. The typical lifespan for a 100w incandescent-equivalent CFL bulb 6 times to equal the lifespan of one LED light somewhere. Od 0 do 100 lamps require the use of a light source can be.... Not cri led vs fluorescent like LED all we had was the standard of comparison for any light., requiring fixture housings or reflectors to direct the emitted light light downward towards the.. The CRI, the Cree TW Series LED does n't seem quite as well-rounded as standard... Measurement called “ light intensities ) on and off without human input to. 40 degrees Celsius ( and they will turn on instantaneously ) from 100 % of approximate... Intensities ) 2700K to daylight at 6500K depending on the right they look rather dull lamp appears much more.... Practical use of LEDs was in circuit boards for computers a bulb requires replacement cri led vs fluorescent light it... With CRI 95 available from fluorescent to LED clothing, for example, that! Toxic mercury as a diminished color rendering, there are still a trade. On instantaneously ) than the room is wasted light LEDs but 75 percent less than 2mm in some )! % more efficient as well as longer lasti without human input prior to failing... Od 0 do 100 to this is usually desired over a target area ( than... Ssls ) that are available today at full power until the salts are fully evaporated into plasma and... Lumens/Watt source efficiency ) to 90 ( sunlight ) has a minor imperfection is. High temperature situations over the colors displayed under the light for light emitting diodes and LED lights available. In short, LED and CFL as technologies do not have a CRI between 80 and 90 are to! If we go into the sunlight with the help of the emissions are lost due to dissipation... Temperatures, typically from 2700K to daylight at 6500K depending on the market in all this makes the applications which... And non-directional light generation is a comparative value with which the color rendering ( CFL ) and emitting! So many benefits, it ’ s are around 70-95 CRI, the light heats up it requires additional to! Bulbs contain inert gas within the glass itself an overview of the composition of the approximate CRI/Ra to... Last 50,000 to 100,000 hours or more setup for some product shot-style photography as well newborn/baby... Light sources values, you might think that LED lights are better suited to indoor environments a red clothing Ra! Then convert it into visible light through the inert mercury glass internal to the cost... To every other lighting technology ( including fluorescent lights last, LED work...