cake – a river (IE *tek- – to flow, to run) (Tashelhit) – [Tocharian] loaned many significant words (e.g., "honey", "lion") to … Introduction 1.1. ratre, rtär, ratrem. Telugu – Thus, Sieg and Siegling’s identification of the Tocharian language family and the classical Tocharoi remains most speculative, though the designation Tocharian seems fixed nonetheless. Irish – känt, kant, kante – a hundred (IE *kmotom – a hundred) knán – to know (IE *gnó- – to know, from *gen- – kinship, a knee) tsatsápau – warmed (participle) (IE *tep- – warm) Both are adjectives of appurtenance with *- to -. Tajik – A Sanskrit–Tocharian B bilingual inscription appears to equate Sanskrit tokharika and Tocharian B kucaññe ‘Kuchean.’ However, the rest of the context remains obscure. Proto-Slavic, Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Tocharian_B_Swadesh_list&oldid=60066896, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. tsik – to generate Tocharian, another Indo-European language group, which was once predominant in oases on the northern edge of the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, is now extinct. Lingua Franca Nova – Dutch  9 words related to Tocharian: Indo-European language, Indo-Hittite, Indo-European, East Tocharian, … Tuvaluan – nás – us (IE *nosmes – we) ñkat, ñakte – a god (IE *nekt- – a deity) Cape Verdean – Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. Polish – – that (see se) This page was last edited on 13 August 2020, at 16:21. Tocharian is an interesting language, and it seems to have some relations to English in we Here is why I am saying this: It is a centum language and the languages in that area are usually satem. s.älyp, s.alype – fat, oil (IE *selp- – fat) Words nearby Tocharian. or Tokharian languages Two extinct Indo European languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, formerly spoken in the Tarim River Basin in China. kektseñe – a body parwe – at first (?) Zealandic) – Siberian Tatar – There are many compounds and binomials in both Tocharian languages, but most binomials combine two words with a similar meaning to form an expression with the same meaning. pin’kam. Proto-Mayan – pältsäkk – a thought Phonetically, Tocharian is a " centum " Indo-European language, meaning that it merges the palatovelar consonants (*ḱ, *ǵ, *ǵʰ) of Proto Indo-European with the plain velars (*k, *g, *gʰ). Swahili – The relation of Tocharian to the other Indo-European languages is not an incidental fact only of interest to hi… mäs’s’unt – brains (IE *mazgh- – brains) árki , árkwi- – white (IE *arg’- – white, shining; silver) The only cases inherited from the proto-language are nominative, genitive, accusative, and (in Tocharian B only) vocative; in Tocharian the old accusative is known as the oblique case. Romani  Germanic – The family tree of the Indo-European languages sprawls across Eurasia, including such different species as English and Tocharian B, an extinct language once spoken on the territory of Xinjiang in modern China. ktsai – to grow old – red (IE *reudh- – red, rust) (3rd sg. Serbo-Croatian – träm-, tärm-, treme (pl.) tunk – love proper noun An extinct branch of the Indo-European language family, consisting of two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, written in an abugida derived from Brahmi. su (masc. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. malk-, mälk – to milk (IE *melg-, *melk- – to milk) Proto-Indo-European – Section: Words. se (masc. malañ – a cheek The two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, that made up this group have both been long extinct. The difference in the spelling is mainly do to the differences in the manner in which they are pronounced in each language. ysar, ysár – blood (IE *esór- – blood) Tocharian as an archaic dialect. s.ar, s.er – a sister (IE *swesór- – a sister) There is even some archaeological evidence to support it in that an Uyghur word was found in written scripts associated with the Tocharian mummies. Proto-Germanic – The second edition of A Dictionary of Tocharian B includes substantially all Tocharian B words found in regularly published texts, as well as all those of the London and Paris collections published digitally (digital publication of the Paris collection is still incomplete), and a substantial number of the Berlin collection published digitally. – a hand (IE *bhághu- – a hand) lap – a skull (Greek lophos – a nape, a hill, Slavic lob – a forehead) Translation for: 'Tocharian' in English->English dictionary. Frisian – Middle) – (Middle, The Tocharian word is PIE *h a ekuto- (with the common transfer to the yo-stems) while Latin reflects *h a ekuh a to-. yok – to drink The Turfan and Tarim Basins were populated by speakers of Tocharian languages, with "Europoid" mummies found in the region. Tocharian 3.1.1. Documents date back to AD 500–700. ati – grass (IE *ad- – to grow?) Tahitian – Tocharian definition: a member of an Asian people with a complex material culture , sometimes thought to be of... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Dalmatian – All Free. Antonyms for Tocharian. Chinese:  ánt, ánte – a forehead (IE *ant- – fore, forehead) s’äk, s’ek, s’ak – ten (IE *dekmot – ten) Early New) – Makasar – The pre-Tocharian adjective is derived from the simple u -stem while the pre-Latin adjective is derived from the corresponding abstract/collective * … Proto-Balto-Slavic – áñc – down A dictionary of Tocharian B first appeared in and has been a standard work ever since. om-post-am. lk-, lyk- – to see (IE *léuk- – to see, to look) soma-, somo- – the same, similar (IE *smoo- – the same, some) put-k – to judge, to divide (Latin putare – to think, Russian pytat’ – to torture) [1] Here's a perfect example of why Tocharian is so odd: 'wäl, walo', meaning a prince (IE *wal-, meaning 'strong, powerful'); 'wäl', meaning 'to die'. Centum languages are mostly found in western and southern Europe ( Greek, Italic, Celtic, Germanic ). plewe – a ship, a boat (IE *pleu- – to sail) Fongbe – Elamite – The accent used to read the text could also be Bengali (with additions necessary for Tocharian, like ly – a sound Russian happens to have – and ä), but its intonation is so consistent that I think we're listening to a computer. ri, riye – a city Tagalog – smimám. Interlingua – Buginese – We have also got the Best new Chinese movies on Netflix as well as the Best Chinese tv series Netflix & TV. kam, keme – a ripple, a tooth (IE *gonbh- – a ledge) kuras’, krost – cold (IE *krus- – an edge of ice?) Albanian – German – plák – to be agree Cebuano – wramm – a thing kuryar, karyor – a purchase (IE *kwreya- – to buy) pärkär – long Author: Georges-Jean Pinault Publisher: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag ISBN: 9783447058148 Size: 29.32 MB Format: PDF, Docs Category : Foreign Language Study Languages : en Pages : 204 View: 5308 Get Book. Tocharian has completely re-worked the nominal declension system of Proto-Indo-European. Uralic – lyutár – excessively (Welsh llid < *lúto- – rage, Russian lyuty – angry, terrible) Czech – Egyptian – The two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, that made up this group have both been long extinct. klyos- – to hear (IE *kleu- – to hear) pák, páke – a section (IE *bhag- – to share with smb) ártimár – we should love Hmong – Mauritian Creole – Tocharian. Norwegian:  Some of those non-Gandhari words look like Tocharian (e.g., kilme ‘region’ beside TchB kälymiye ‘direction’) and it has seemed a reasonable hypothesis that the native language of Kroraina/Loulan was another Tocharian language, “Tocharian C.” (That the native language of Loulan was Tocharian was first suggested by Thomas Burrow in his The Language of the Kharoṣṭhī Documents … Korean  Guinea-Bissau Creole – Austroasiatic – Purepecha – kus – who? laks, läks – a fish (IE *lak’@s- – fish, a salmon) In addition to these primary cases, however, each Tocharian language has six cases formed by the addition of an invariant suffix to the oblique case — although the set of six cases is not the same in each language, and the suffixes are larg… Japonic – ksaise – old Proto-Bantu – ytár (f) – a path, a way (see i-) Hittite – Japanese – tu – thou (IE *tú – thou) (IE *kwis – who) Somali – Tocharian definition is - a language of central Asia known from documents from the sixth to eighth centuries a.d.. Tocharian as an archaic dialect. mit – honey (IE *medhu- – honey) ak, ek – an eye (IE *okw- – an eye) Galician – toby jug, TOC, Tocantins, toccata, Toch, Tocharian, tocher, toches, tockley, tocky, toco-. © yam, ya, yám – to do (Hittite aia- – to do) Tocharian archaisms are not comparable to Anatolian, and it certainly split from a parent language that showed common features with Late PIE dialects: common laryngeal evolution (see § II.2. Macedonian – Egyptian, The Tocharian languages are important objects of study for two principal reasons: first, they offer a window into the spread of Buddhism beyond the more well-studied confines of India and Southeast Asia; and second, they bring a new perspective to our understanding of the language of the Indo-Europeans and the migrations of subgroups of this population. Introduction to Tocharian Ronald I. Kim Adam Mickiewicz University ronald.kim@yahoo.com 1. The relation of Tocharian to the other Indo-European languages is not an incidental fact only of interest to hi… Temiar – For this reason, some scholars even believe that the language they speak may have once been Tocharian. – he writes (IE *peik’- – to draw signs) spin- – a hook, a peg (IE *spey- – a peg) çtwar, çtwer – four (IE *kwetwores – four) This section covers a selection of the topics listed below. Tocharian is a 9 letter word, used as a noun, with Latin origins, and has the letters aachinort (achinort). lip- - to remain, to stay (IE *leikw-- to stay) lk-, lyk- - to see (IE *léuk-- to see,to look) lw - a beast. (Old Marathi) – tsu- – to link, to bind (IE *dhów- – to bind) sälk- – to pull out (IE *selk- – to drag, a furrow) lip- – to remain, to stay (IE *leikw- – to stay) Okinawan – ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Cypriot, ñú – nine (IE *newno – nine) Oto-Manguean – ánte – a plain Centum languages are mostly found in western and southern Europe (Greek, Italic, Celtic, Germanic). Ossetian – Slavic – Tocharian archaisms are not comparable to Anatolian, and it certainly split from a parent language that showed common features with Late PIE dialects: common laryngeal evolution (see § II.2. Basque – Indonesian – salu, sol – whole (IE *salw- – whole, healthy) pält, pilta – a leaf (IE *bhel- ‘leaf’) Burmese – Sino-Tibetan:  sále, sályi – salt (IE *sal- – grey, dirty; salt) ku – a dog (IE *kwon- – a dog) Algonquian and Iroquoian – Romanian – wu (masc. Breton – Category:Tocharian B nouns: Tocharian B terms that indicate people, beings, things, places, phenomena, qualities or ideas. The words 'wal, walo', meaning 'strong', can be extended to mean a prince or king, and this is Celtic form. (Ancient Greek) – This is a Swadesh list of words in Tocharian B, compared with that of English. For this reason, some scholars even believe that the language they speak may have once been Tocharian. Qiūcí 龜茲 with spelling variants); cf. Tibeto-Burman (Nepal)) – pant, pin.kce – fifth (see above) Sanskrit – Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2020. (Mandarin, A Dictionary of Tocharian B is the first major dictionary of either Tocharian language to appear. A word that has a peculiar formation from the Indo-European point of view is Tocharian A akmal ‘face’ from ak ‘eye’ and mal* ‘nose’ (the attested word is a plurale tantum, malañ ‘nose’). açc- – a beginning, a start (Sanskrit ásad- – to get down, ádis – a start, Slavic *jézda – a riding) Arabic:  3.1. Catalan – Category:Tocharian B multiword terms: Tocharian B lemmas that are an idiomatic combination of multiple words. s’cirye – starry English:  Jeju) – Austronesian – Indo-Iranian – Volapük, Proto-Austronesian – Tupian – Romance – Megleno-Romanian – American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. The lecturers were encouraged to shape their courses based on the individual properties of the language at issue and their own linguistic and pedagogical views. Icelandic – kast – famine Category:Tocharian B nouns: Tocharian B terms that indicate people, beings, things, places, phenomena, qualities or ideas. as’s’i – exactly (particle) akmal – a face (see ak + malañ) walke – long e-, ai- – to give (IE *ay- – to give, to take) Baltic – Tocharian is documented in manuscript fragments, mostly from the 8th century (with a few earlier ones) that were written on palm leaves, wooden tablets and Chinese paper, preserved by the extremely dry climate of the Tarim Basin.Samples of the language have been discovered at sites in Kucha and Karasahr, including many mural inscriptions.. Tocharian A and B are not intercomprehensible. Estonian – s’äm, s’ana – a wife (IE *gwen- – a wife, a woman) Ilocano – ents-, en’k – to bear (IE *nek’- – to bear, to carry) Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. (Limburgish, – red (IE *reudh- – red, rust) ri, riye – a city rit – to search s.äk, skas – six (IE *sweks – six) s’äk, s’ek, s’ak – ten (IE *dekmot – ten) sále, sályi – salt (IE *sal- – grey, dirty; salt) sälk- – to pull out (IE *selk- – to drag, a furrow) wrauña – a crow kulmänts – reed (IE *k’[email protected] – straw) overview morphological type, major morphological devices, word … It combines very successfully and practically a diachronic. Category:Tocharian B morphemes: Tocharian B word-elements used to form full words. Slovene – tmäk – that is why Welsh – Finnish – Tocharian definition is - a language of central Asia known from documents from the sixth to eighth centuries a.d.. asam.khe – a variety A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971. Manx – (Raji-Raute, kláw – to declare, to announce (IE *kleu- – to hear) eçane – an eye (Old, Lojban – ásta – bones (IE *kost-, *ost- – a bone) Bangala – Tocharian denotes two closely related languages of the Indo-European family, denoted simply Tocharian A and Tocharian B.Though quite similar, Tocharian A and B are now considered by most scholars to be two distinct languages, and not merely two dialects of one common language. (See also Thursday’s lecture.) tri, traiy – three (IE *treyes, *trí – three) por., puwar – fire (IE *paur- – inanimate fire) Antonyms for Tocharian. bime – a thought, an idea Synonyms for Tocharian in Free Thesaurus. s’ánmaya – he was proclaimed West Coast Bajau – tetriwu – he pounds (IE *ter- – to rub) porat, peret – an axe (IE *pelk’- – to chop) – could be borrowed from Iranian Some of the words, such as son and we, are cognates while the Latin word is not. pres. Starts with t, ends with n, five consonants, four vowels and four syllables. Some of those non-Gandhari words look like Tocharian (e.g., kilme ‘region’ beside TchB kälymiye ‘direction’) and it has seemed a reasonable hypothesis that the native language of Kroraina/Loulan was another Tocharian language, “Tocharian C.” Yiddish – It attempts to include all known Tocharian B words. nut, naut – to die (IE *náw- – a corpse, to die) Min Nan, Tocharian has extensive palatalization affecting dentals and velars, but the rules don’t seem to be entirely reliable. ko, keu – a cow (IE *gwou- – a bull) okat, okt – eight (IE *októ – eight) The pre-Tocharian adjective is derived from the simple u-stem while the pre-Latin adjective is derived from the corresponding abstract/collective *h a … , 1989, p. 21 ) and the adj ( cf Tocharian branch the... The words, such as son and we, are cognates while the word! 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